Suchergebnisse

Global climate action is not currently aligned with the Paris Agreement goals to limit temperature rise to "well below 2°C" over pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. Societal well-being and economic stability continue to be highly dependent on climate-polluting inputs – especially fossil fuels for energy and nitrogen fertiliser for agriculture. The research project Society-wide Scenarios for Effective Climate Change Mitigation in Ireland (SSECCM) was a 1-year, preliminary desk study undertaken to inform the implementation of Irish policy on climate mitigation in the context of European Union (EU) and Paris Agreement objectives. It evaluated international studies of society-wide, long-term climate action scenarios, identifying their relevance to the specific situation in Ireland. Although carbon dioxide (CO2) remains the single most important greenhouse gas (GHG) to consider, emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) also make a significant contribution to global climate disruption. The last two are especially important to Ireland because, although CO2 remains the dominant GHG, we have comparatively high emissions of these other GHGs, primarily from animal agriculture. A new open-source spreadsheet tool, "GHG-WE", was developed for the project and has been released under an open licence. This tool incorporates GWP* (modified global warming potential), a metric recently developed to more accurately represent the combined climate effects of different GHGs.

Global climate action is not currently aligned with staying within remaining global cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) budgets (GCBs) corresponding to the Paris Agreement temperature limits of "well below 2°C" and making efforts toward a lower limit of 1.5°C over pre-industrial. Moreover, GCB estimates depend critically on also achieving commensurate reductions in emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and in methane (CH4). Societal well-being and economic growth continue to be highly dependent on climate polluting inputs – fossil fuels for energy, cement and steel for infrastructure, and nitrogen inputs to agriculture. The research project Society-wide Scenarios for Effective Climate Change Mitigation in Ireland (SSECCM) was a one-year, preliminary desk study undertaken to inform implementation of Irish policy on climate mitigation in the context of EU and Paris Agreement objectives. It evaluated international studies of society-wide, long-term climate action scenarios, identifying relevance to the specific situation in Ireland. While CO2 remains the single most important greenhouse gas to consider, emissions of CH4 and N2O also make a significant contribution to global climate disruption . The latter two are especially important to Ireland because, though CO2 remains the dominant GHG, we have comparatively high emissions of these other GHGs, primarily from ruminant livestock agriculture. A new open-source spreadsheet tool, "GHG-WE", was developed for the project and has also been made available online . This tool incorporates GWP* (modified Global Warming Potential), a new, recently developed, metric to better represent the combined climate effects of different greenhouse gases. This enables comparative national-level "warming-equivalent" analysis of society-wide and sectoral policy alternatives. An additional tool, a "Methane Warming Calculator" has also been developed and released for simplified, CH4 only, scenario exploration . The collected supporting literature is now publicly available in an online bibliographic ...

Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, spurred by the 2018 IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C, net zero emission targets have emerged as a new organizing principle of climate policy. In this context, climate policymakers and stakeholders have been shifting their attention to carbon dioxide removal (CDR) as an inevitable component of net zero targets. The importance of CDR would increase further if countries and other entities set net-negative emissions targets. The scientific literature on CDR governance and policy is still rather scarce, with empirical case studies and comparisons largely missing. Based on an analytical framework that draws on the multi-level perspective of sociotechnical transitions as well as existing work on CDR governance, we gathered and assessed empirical material until early 2021 from 9 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) cases: the European Union and three of its Member States (Ireland, Germany, and Sweden), Norway, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Based on a synthesis of differences and commonalities, we propose a tripartite conceptual typology of the varieties of CDR policymaking: (1) incremental modification of existing national policy mixes, (2) early integration of CDR policy that treats emission reductions and removals as fungible, and (3) proactive CDR policy entrepreneurship with support for niche development. Although these types do not necessarily cover all dimensions relevant for CDR policy and are based on a limited set of cases, the conceptual typology might spur future comparative work as well as more fine-grained case-studies on established and emerging CDR policies. ; publishedVersion

Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, spurred by the 2018 IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C, net zero emission targets have emerged as a new organizing principle of climate policy. In this context, climate policymakers and stakeholders have been shifting their attention to carbon dioxide removal (CDR) as an inevitable component of net zero targets. The importance of CDR would increase further if countries and other entities set net-negative emissions targets. The scientific literature on CDR governance and policy is still rather scarce, with empirical case studies and comparisons largely missing. Based on an analytical framework that draws on the multi-level perspective of sociotechnical transitions as well as existing work on CDR governance, we gathered and assessed empirical material until early 2021 from 9 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) cases: the European Union and three of its Member States (Ireland, Germany, and Sweden), Norway, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. Based on a synthesis of differences and commonalities, we propose a tripartite conceptual typology of the varieties of CDR policymaking: (1) incremental modification of existing national policy mixes, (2) early integration of CDR policy that treats emission reductions and removals as fungible, and (3) proactive CDR policy entrepreneurship with support for niche development. Although these types do not necessarily cover all dimensions relevant for CDR policy and are based on a limited set of cases, the conceptual typology might spur future comparative work as well as more fine-grained case-studies on established and emerging CDR policies.